2016 U.S. Election

Presidential Election Results

1. CNN
2. Fox News
3. Politico
4. The Guardian
   • Full US 2012 election county-level results to download - The Guardian, November 14, 2012 - download the full spreadsheet (XLS) or get the full data as a Google Fusion table (click 'file' to download as CSV)
5. New York Times
6. Washington Post
7. U.S. Election Statistics: A Resource Guide - Library of Congress - This resource guide compiles a list of online and print resources that contain U.S. election statistics for both federal and state elections.
   • American Presidency Project: Presidential Election Data - University of California, Santa Barbara - Election of 2016
   • Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections - Election 2016, 2014, 2012
     • 2016 Presidential Election Statistics
     • Purchase Detailed Data - Newest Data by County

Presidential Election Results by County

1. Vote Counts by County for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections - Florida
   • Florida Election Watch - President of the United States
   • Florida Election Watch - County Reporting Status
   • Florida Division of Elections - Precinct-Level Election Results
2. Vote Counts by County for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections - Michigan
   • Michigan Secretary of State - County Websites
     • Wexford County - Summary for Jurisdiction Wide, All Counters, All Races
3. Vote Counts by County for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections - North Carolina
   • State Board of Elections - Unofficial General Election Results
   • State Board of Elections - NC Voter Statistics Results
4. Vote Counts by County for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections - Ohio
   • Ohio Unofficial Results (to download results, click Results, Download Results, All Results)
5. Vote Counts by County for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections - Pennsylvania
   • Pennsylvania Unofficial Results
6. Vote Counts by County for the 2012 and 2016 Presidential Elections - Wisconsin
   • Wisconsin Elections Commission - Wisconsin County Election Websites
     • Outagamie County Discrepancies shown in November 22 Tweet
     • Outagamie County Official Election Reports

Counties where Vote Count Changed

                                        Major Media (NYT, Fox)      County Website       Change in Vote Count
-----  ------------------------  -----  ----------------------  ----------------------  ----------------------
State  County Name                FIPS     Clinton       Trump     Clinton       Trump     Clinton       Trump  County Website Updated  Notes
-----  ------------------------  -----  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------------------  -----
FL     Lee                       12071     124,725     191,141     124,859     191,317         134         176  11/11/2016  3:48:37 PM
FL     Palm Beach                12099     371,411     270,762     374,673     272,402       3,262       1,640  11/21/2016  5:06:42 PM
WI     Milwaukee                 55079     288,986     126,091     288,797     125,846        -189        -245  11/21/2016 12:39:07 PM
WI     Outagamie                 55087      38,117      51,579      38,087      49,884*        -30      -1,695  11/16/2016 11:58:15 AM  (click on "Official Results - Nov. 8, 2016 President-VP.pdf")
WI     Waukesha                  55133      79,199     145,519      79,199     142,519           0      -3,000  11/08/2016 10:58    PM

* marked official

Post Election Recount News

1. North Carolina G.O.P. Moves to Curb Power of New Democratic Governor - Trip Gabriel, New York Times, December 14, 2016 - Under one of the most sweeping Republican bills, which lawmakers will vote on beginning Thursday, county election boards would have two members from each party, rather than the current three-member boards with a majority from the governor’s party.
2. North Carolina Republicans Make Brazen Bid for Permanent Power After Losing Governor's Race - Pema Levy, Mother Jones, December 15, 2016 - Democratic appointees would chair the board in odd-numbered years and Republican appointees would lead in even-numbered years. Since federal and major state elections take place in even-numbered years, this ensures that the board would be led by Republicans during major elections.
3. North Carolina GOP's power grab to limit Democratic governor - Eric Bradner, CNN, December 16, 2016 - Another bill would block Cooper from appointing any members to the state Board of Education and to the board of trustees for the University of North Carolina system. It would reduce the number of appointments up to the Cooper administration from 1,500 to 300.
4. Greg Palast on Why Clinton Didn't Push for Michigan Recount - Paul Jay, the Real News Network, December 20, 2016 - Part 1 of 2 / Part 2 of 2 - She wouldn't do it because that would be to attack something even more important than winning the presidency -- and that's the entire system that created the Clintons and created Trump and created this fake monstrosity we call a US electoral system.

Election Recount

1. The No-BS Inside Guide to the Presidential Vote Recount - Greg Palast, Truthout, November 30, 2016 - In Wisconsin, Michigan and Pennsylvania -- and all over America -- there were a massive number of votes that were simply rejected, invalidated and spoiled; they were simply not counted. Officially, in a typical presidential election, at least three million votes end up rejected, often for picayune, absurd reasons.
2. Lawsuit filed to force Florida recount - Bill Palmer, Palmer Report, December 2, 2016 - Donald Trump was officially named the winner in Florida, but by a razor thin margin, and only after Hillary Clinton had appeared to bank enough of an early vote lead in the state that it would have been all but mathematically insurmountable for Trump to have come back and won.
3. Green Party taking bid for election recount to federal court - Marc Levy, Associated Press, December 4, 2016 - Meanwhile, Green Party-backed efforts to force recounts and analyze election software in scattered precincts were continuing.
4. Wisconsin recount observers cite broken warranty seals - Samuel King, Fox 9, December 4, 2016 - "The seals were broken by the technician who came to install the modem in each machine after purchase," wrote Reid Magney, public information officer for the Wisconsin Election Commission.
5. Judge orders immediate start of Michigan recount - Paul Egan and Tresa Baldas, Detroit Free Press, December 5, 2016 - A federal judge early Monday morning ordered a recount of Michigan's presidential ballots to begin at noon on Monday, and for the state to "assemble necessary staff to work sufficient hours" to complete the recount by a Dec. 13 federal deadline.
6. Recount Asked For As Pennsylvania Election System Called A ‘National Disgrace’ - CBS Pittsburgh, December 5, 2016 - An updated count Monday by state election officials showed Trump’s lead shrinking to 47,750 over Clinton, out of 6 million votes cast, as more counties finished counting overseas ballots and settled provisional ballot challenges. That is still shy of Pennsylvania’s 0.5 percent trigger for an automatic statewide recount.
7. Florida voters sue for recount - Jeff Burlew, USA Today, December 6, 2016 - He said he has received a “deluge” of reports from voters across the state of problems on election day, including people being turned away at the polls and told they’d already voted. Florida Division of Elections officials reported only a few "minor issues" on election day.
8. Half of Detroit votes may be ineligible for recount - Chad Livengood and Joel Kurth, The Detroit News, December 6, 2016 - He blamed the discrepancies on the city’s decade-old voting machines, saying 87 optical scanners broke on Election Day. Many jammed when voters fed ballots into scanners, which can result in erroneous vote counts if ballots are inserted multiple times.
9. US elections: broken machines could throw Michigan recount into chaos - Sam Thielman, The Guardian, December 6, 2016 - Computer scientists have been sounding the alarm about shoddily made, insecure and incompatible voting machines for several years...Jeremy J Epstein, a researcher with SRI, successfully campaigned in 2015 to have Virginia’s WinVote machines decertified when he discovered that the factory-set network passwords for WinVote voting machines were often “abcde” and “admin”.
10. Federal judge halts Michigan election recount - Tresa Baldas and Frank Witsil, USA Today, December 7, 2016 - After a lawyer urged him not to stick taxpayers with a $5 million recount tab, a federal judge on Wednesday dissolved his earlier decision and halted the hand recount of 4.8 million ballots that were cast for president in Michigan.
11. Detroit Voting Machine Failures Were Widespread on Election Day - Charlotte Alter, Time, December 13, 2016 - More than 80 voting machines in Detroit malfunctioned on Election Day, officials say, resulting in ballot discrepancies in 59% of precincts that raise questions about the reliability of future election results in a city dominated by Democratic and minority voters.
12. Stein Ends Recount Bid, but Says It Revealed Flaws in Voting System - Steve Eder, New York Times, December 13, 2016 - While the effort had no impact on the outcome of the presidential race, critics said, it highlighted a number of concerns about the election system and recount procedures, including arcane rules, conflicting court opinions and hefty costs.

Discrepancies - Prior Elections

1. Comparison Between Exit Poll and Vote Count Disparities in Competitive vs. Noncompetitive Contests in Election 2006 - Jonathan Simon, JD, Bruce O’Dell, Dale Tavris, PhD, Josh Mitteldorf, PhD, Election Defense Alliance, May 2007 (2011 PDF revision) - Our results revealed much larger discrepancies in competitive than in noncompetitive races (p<0.007), suggesting manipulation that consistently favored Republican candidates.
2. E2014: A Basic (Chilling) Forensic Analysis - Jonathan Simon, Election Defense Alliance, December 16, 2014 (PDF version) - The noncompetitive contests, being presumptively unsuitable targets for rigging, thus served as the baselines for the competitive contests, and the relative disparities could be compared without concern about any net partisan tendencies of the respondent group.

Discrepancies - 2016 Election

1. 2016 Presidential Election Table - Theodore de Macedo Soares, TDMS Research, November 10, 2016 - According to the exit polls conducted by Edison Research, Clinton won four key battleground states (NC, PA, WI, and FL) in the 2016 Presidential Election that she went on to lose in the computerized vote counts. With these states Clinton wins the Electoral College with a count of 302 versus 205 for Trump.
2. Can We Count on the Election Results? Exit Poll Discrepancies and Voter Suppression Are Serious Issues - Steven Rosenfeld, Alternet, November 11, 2016 - “Exit polls were conducted in 28 states. In 23 states the discrepancies between the exit polls and the vote count favored Trump. In 13 of these states the discrepancies favoring Trump exceeded the margin of error of the state.”
3. Exit Polls from November 8 Election Show Patterns Indicating Possible Electronic Election Rigging in Favor of Republicans - Jonathan Simon, Code Red, November 11, 2016 - A discrepancy between votecounts and exit poll results is exactly what we’re seeing in the November 8 election. You can see the comparison at the links below.
4. Donald Trump was right: THE ELECTION WAS RIGGED. In his favour - Ben Gelblum, The London Ecomomic, November 15, 2016 - In the swing States we have this massive red shift because when people come out of the votes, exit pollsters can only ask, “How did you vote?” What they don’t ask, and can’t, is, “Was your vote counted?”
5. Exit Polls Predicted Hillary Clinton to Win Four of Donald Trump's Key Victories - Caitlin Johnstone, Inquisitr, November 16, 2016 - Exit polls are showing that Hillary Clinton won in four key battleground states that the vote tally gave to Donald Trump. These states are North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, and Florida.
6. Exit Polls Were 'Wrong' Again (Or Were They?): 'BradCast' 11/17/2016 - TheBradBlog, November 17, 2016 - What would Donald Trump do if the Exit Polls showed him winning key states before Election Results announced that he had actually lost them instead?
7. A Fair Election? Serious, Hard-to-Explain Questions Arise About Trump Vote Totals in 3 Key States - Steven Rosenfeld, AlterNet, November 17, 2016 - A series of explanation-defying questions surrounding Donald Trump’s victories in key 2016 swing states has prompted a cadre of voting rights attorneys and electronic voting machine experts to consider formally filing for presidential recounts in coming days.
8. Was the US Election Stolen ...Yet Again? - Eric Draitser, telesur, November 18, 2016 - A look at the data reveals a much different story than the one the corporate media is telling.
9. Still time for an election audit: Column - Ron Rivest and Philip Stark, USA Today, November 18, 2016 - There is still time to audit this election — barely. States only have until Dec. 13 to give their final results to the Electoral College. Americans should demand this simple step to ensure that the machinery of democracy worked. To add your voice, please sign this petition.
10. Rigged election: Hillary Clinton’s early-voting lead in Florida was mathematically insurmountable - Bill Palmer, Palmer Report, November 18, 2016 - But in yet another piece of evidence that the voting tallies may have been rigged, a closer examination of the early-voting numbers suggests that Trump’s victory in Florida wasn’t just unlikely – it was mathematically insurmountable.
11. Electoral College Map Results 2016: The Difference and Feasibility Between an Election Audit and Election Recount, What You Can Do - Christine Beswick, Inquisitr, November 19, 2016 - Many today that are not accepting the electoral college map 2016 results as legitimate are calling for election audits or election recounts...Tweet storms calling on the Senate Judiciary Committee and the Department of Justice to investigate the elections 2016 results and #AuditTheVote hashtags have also begun to trend on Twitter
12. DEM Senate - Please challenge the results in these 3 states -the data says you won - MO, PA, WI - ca democrat, Daily Kos, November 20, 2016 - According to the exit polls conducted by Edison Research, the Democratic Party Senate candidates won three Senate seats that went to the Republican candidate in the computerized vote counts. With these additional seats, the Democratic Party would have regained control of the Senate—51 seats to 48 for the Republican Party and one Independent (caucuses with the Democratic Party).
13. Vote Audit: Did Trump Win Fair Election, or a Rigged One? New Movement Seeks Data on Suspicious Vote Counts - Jonathan Vankin, Inquisitr, November 20, 2016 - According to the exit polls conducted by Edison Research, the Democratic Party Senate candidates won three Senate seats that went to the Republican candidate in the computerized vote counts. With these additional seats, the Democratic Party would have regained control of the Senate—51 seats to 48 for the Republican Party and one Independent (caucuses with the Democratic Party).
14. Voting Irregularities: Post-Election Collection - Pokey Anderson, OpEdNews.com, November 21, 2016 - With all the articles flying around, I took the time to take the best and make them into one document. Here you go!
15. Exclusive: Rigged Election? Who’s afraid of a Red Herring? - Ann Diener, Veterans Today, November 21, 2016 - Over the course of last week, I spent hours putting together the attached sheets showing the vote count in 2016 vs. 2012 in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania and North Carolina. There were large discrepancies. In Wisconsin, there was one county, Rock County, with 10,000 missing voters?
16. Fixing a Presidential Election - Bill James, Bill James Online, November 21, 2016 - Their exit polls correctly predicted the winner in the recorded vote in 24 of the 28 states. All four misses were swing states, and in all four cases the exit polls had indicated that [D] had won, but then the official vote count went to [R].
17. Election Data Screams Fraud - Eric Draitser, November 22, 2016 - Especially noteworthy are the following states: Ohio (8.5 percent discrepancy), North Carolina (5.9 percent discrepancy), Pennsylvania (5.6 percent discrepancy), Wisconsin (4.9 percent discrepancy), Florida (2.6 percent discrepancy).
18. Report: Experts urge vote audit in 3 swing states over fears of hacking - Andrew Couts, The Daily Dot, November 22, 2016 - A group of computer science and election law experts are reportedly urging Hillary Clinton's campaign to demand an audit in three swing states on the grounds that voting machines may have been compromised to favor her Republican challenger, Donald Trump, according to New York Magazine.
19. Hillary Clinton Has Grounds To Challenge Election Results, Activists Say - Marina Fang, Huffington Post, November 22, 2016 - We’ve set up two petitions below that you can sign. The top one calls on Clinton to demand a recount and a forensic audit. The bottom one asks her to leave the election result as it stands and move on.
20. Discrepancies in unofficial Outagamie County election results explained - Emily Matesic, abc 2 WBAY.com, November 22, 2016 - Some people took to social media after finding discrepancies in some Outagamie County election results. In four out of almost a hundred wards, the number of votes cast in the presidential race were greater than the number of ballots voted, that’s according to unofficial election results.
21. A group of computer scientists believe they’ve uncovered vote tampering in 3 key states - Tom Cahill, U.S. Uncut, November 23, 2016 - John Bonifaz — a respected voting rights attorney — and University of Michigan Center for Computer Science and Security director J. Alex Halderman are leading a team that’s lobbying Hillary Clinton’s campaign team, asking them to dispute election results in Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
22. Want to Know if the Election was Hacked? Look at the Ballots - J. Alex Halderman, Medium.com, November 23, 2016 - Examining the physical evidence in these states?—?even if it finds nothing amiss?—?will help allay doubt and give voters justified confidence that the results are accurate. It will also set a precedent for routinely examining paper ballots, which will provide an important deterrent against cyberattacks on future elections.
23. 'Why Would Anyone Be Against Counting Votes?': Jill Stein on Filing for 'Recounts' in WI, MI, PA: 'BradCast' 11/23/2016 - Brad Friedman, The Brad Blog, November 23, 2016 - "Why would anyone be against counting the votes?," she [Stein] asks. "It's long been demonstrated that our system of voting, relying on these machines, has virtually no security. They're hack friendly [and] tamper friendly."
24. U-M prof details theory on how the presidential election could have been hacked - Lee DeVito, Detroit MetroTimes, November 25, 2016 - Shortly before each election, poll workers copy the ballot design from a regular desktop computer in a government office, and use removable media (like the memory card from a digital camera) to load the ballot onto each machine. That initial computer is almost certainly not well secured, and if an attacker infects it, vote-stealing malware can hitch a ride to every voting machine in the area.
25. Swing State Audit Reveals GLARING Mistake That Can Change Results Of The Election (TWEETS) - NewCentury Times, November 25, 2016 - Earlier this week, it was discovered that major discrepancies were found in three precincts in Wisconsin, with the number of votes cast exceeding the actual number of ballots that were submitted. In a swing state, this could absolutely change the outcome of the election’s results. It was reported that four wards in Outagamie County – The Towns of Cicero and Grand Chute along with the Villages of Bear Creek and Hortonville – suffered from this discrepancy.
26. Everything we know about Jill Stein’s recount effort and Hillary Clinton’s odds of winning - Bill Palmer, Palmer Report, November 25, 2016 - The one person who can order a recount is Florida’s Secretary of State, an obscure figure whom we’re pushing into the national spotlight with a petition. Once he’s facing national pressure and the specter of it becoming a scandal if he says no, maybe he’ll say yes. But don’t count on the Florida recount happening. It’s highly unlikely. Still, you can (and should) sign the petition here.
27. Wisconsin election recount spurs rumors of hacking - AM Joy, MSNBC, November 26, 2016 - Joy and her panel discuss how it’s not a Russian hack voters should be concerned about—it’s the reported allegation that untold numbers of votes are routinely left uncounted in elections due to many typical, state-level practices.
28. Questioning Wisconsin's Very High Presidential Election 2016 Turnout Numbers - Richard Hayes Phillips, The Brad Blog, November 27, 2016 - Based upon the latest data available for the vote counts as of 9:45 PM EST on Saturday, November 19, 2016, and the latest data posted for the number of registered voters dated November 16, 2016, there are 193 towns with turnout of 90% or better, 25 towns with turnout of 95% or better, and 7 towns with turnout of 100% or better (report [PDF], podcast).
29. Greg Palast - Lynching By Laptop? - Big Picture Interview by Thom Hartmann, December 12, 2016 - Have we forgotten Republican efforts at election rigging that are being actively ignored by the corporate media, even as Democratic members of Congress are loudly calling for an investigation into Kris Kobach and his alleged voter suppression efforts?
30. Fake Michigan - Precincts in Detroit showed more votes than voters due to inaccurate voter tallies by poll workers rather than voting fraud - Kim LaCapria, Snopes, December 26, 2016 - The discrepancies mostly involved a handful of votes per precinct, and neither candidate was believed to have been favored by the errors.

Russian Hacking of Election

1. Did Russia Install Donald Trump as the Next U.S. President? - Caroline Baylon, November, 12, 2016 - James Clapper, Director of National Intelligence, issued a joint statement with Department of Homeland Security on October 7 declaring that they were “confident that the Russian government directed the recent compromises of emails” and that “these thefts and disclosures are intended to interfere with the U.S. election process.”
2. The NSA Chief Says Russia Hacked the 2016 Election. Congress Must Investigate. - David Corn, Mother Jones, November 16, 2016 - On Tuesday, the director of the National Security Agency, Admiral Michael Rogers, was asked about the WikiLeaks release of hacked information during the campaign, and he said, "This was a conscious effort by a nation-state to attempt to achieve a specific effect."
3. Did Russia Hack The Election For Trump? Here's What People Are Saying... - Rebecca Fishbein, gothamist, November 17, 2016 - On top of all this, intelligence officials believe Russian hackers fed Wikileaks unflattering hacked emails from the DNC and Clinton campaign. U.S. intelligence officials also say prior to the election, hackers based in Russia hacked two U.S. voter registration databases.
4. Is the White House Hiding Secrets About Russia's Role in the Election? - Kaveh Waddell, The Atlantic, November 30, 2016 - A group of top senators is asking President Obama to release more information about Russia’s involvement in the election, hinting that important details are being kept secret.
5. Scholars, infosec experts call for action on Russian hacking - Maria Korolov, CSO, December 1, 2016 - In the wake of reports about Russian involvement in fake news and hacks against political targets leading up to the recent presidential election, scholars and security experts are calling for federal action. As of Sunday, 158 scholars have signed an open letter calling for a congressional investigation.
6. Secret CIA assessment says Russia was trying to help Trump win White House - Adam Entous, Ellen Nakashima and Greg Miller, Washington Post, December 9, 2016 - The CIA has concluded in a secret assessment that Russia intervened in the 2016 election to help Donald Trump win the presidency, rather than just to undermine confidence in the U.S. electoral system, according to officials briefed on the matter.
7. Russia's army of hackers could be 4,000 strong - Brian Todd, CNN, December 16, 2016 - CNN's Brian Todd has new details on the Russian hackers -- who they are and how they operate.
8. McCain: Russian election-related hacks threaten to 'destroy democracy' - Eric Bradner, CNN, December 18, 2016 - McCain, the Arizona Republican who chairs the Senate Armed Services Committee, again called for a select committee to investigate the CIA's finding that Russia hacked Democrats' emails in a bid to help President-elect Donald Trump defeat Hillary Clinton.
9. Robert Gates criticises 'laid back' US response to Russia election hack - Joanna Walters and Martin Pengelly, The Guardian, December 18, 2016 - The CIA, FBI, the Director of National Intelligence and other agencies agree that Russia sought to influence the election in favour of Donald Trump. This week, the White House said it believed President Vladimir Putin played a direct role.
10. Putin Ordered ‘Influence Campaign’ Aimed at U.S. Election, Report Says - David E. Sanger, New York Times, January 6, 2017 - American intelligence officials have concluded that the president of Russia, Vladimir V. Putin, personally “ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election,” and turned from seeking to “denigrate” Hillary Clinton to developing “a clear preference for President-elect Trump.”
11. Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections - Intelligence Community Assessment (ICA), January 6, 2017 - We assess with high confidence that the GRU used the Guccifer 2.0 persona, DCLeaks.com, and WikiLeaks to release US victim data obtained in cyber operations publicly and in exclusives to media outlets.
12. Expert Testimony by J. Alex Halderman Professor of Computer Science, University of Michigan - U.S. Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, June 21, 2017 - First, we need to replace obsolete and vulnerable voting machines, such as paperless systems, with optical scanners and paper ballots—a technology that 36 states already use... Second, we need to consistently and routinely check that our election results are accurate, by inspecting enough of the paper ballots to tell whether the computer results are right... Lastly, we need to raise the bar for attacks of all sorts—including both vote tampering and sabotage—by conducting comprehensive threat assessments and by applying cybersecurity best practices to the design of voting equipment and the management of elections.

Hacking and Rigging of Elections

1. SPECIAL REPORT: Forensic Analysis Finds Venango County, PA, E-Voting System 'Remotely Accessed' on 'Multiple Occasions' by Unknown Computer - Brad Friedman, The Brad Blog, December 12, 2011 - Among those findings: details on unexplained, out-of-sequence activity log entries in the computer tabulation system, indications that the system was mounted several times with a "USB 'flash drive'" device, and, perhaps most troubling, evidence that the system was repeatedly accessed by an unidentified remote computer, for lengthy periods of time, on "multiple occasions."
2. How to Hack an Election in 7 Minutes - Ben Wofford, Politico, August 05, 2016 - Eight countries in Europe that once flirted with digital voting have seen six go back to paper; Britain counted its Brexit votes by hand.
3. Verified Voting Blog: Which voting machines can be hacked through the Internet? - Andrew W. Appel, Verified Voting Blog, September 21, 2016 - There are many more kinds of voting machines in use; I’ve just listed a few of them here...The worst: remote hackable, no paper trail...Pretty bad: need physical presence to hack, no paper trail...Not so bad: Hackable remotely (in principle), but with auditable/recountable paper trail*
4. American Elections Will Be Hacked - Bruce Schneier, New York Times, November 9, 2016 - Electronic voting machines can be hacked, and those machines that do not include a paper ballot that can verify each voter’s choice can be hacked undetectably. Voting rolls are also vulnerable; they are all computerized databases whose entries can be deleted or changed to sow chaos on Election Day.
5. Fraction Magic Video - Bev Harris, Black Box Voting.org, November 12, 2016 - A real-time demo of the most devastating election theft mechanism yet found, with context and explanation. Demonstration uses a real voting system and real vote databases and takes place in seconds across multiple jurisdictions.
6. In year plagued by hacks, breaches and claims of “rigged” elections, national audit offers simple way to restore confidence in electoral process - Verified Voting, November 21, 2016 - A nationwide audit of about 1.4 million ballots–just over 1% of the votes cast– could give 95% confidence that each state’s result is right. About 25% of Americans voted on equipment that does not produce an auditable paper record, mostly in Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, and New Jersey. But votes cast by the other 75% are on paper ballots or paper records voters have the chance to check, and those can and should be checked in every election.
7. Hacking and the 2016 Presidential Election - Bruce Schneier, Schneier on Security, November 25, 2016 - But we only have two years until the next national elections, and it's time to start fixing things if we don't want to be wondering the same things about hackers in 2018. The risks are real: Electronic voting machines that don't use a paper ballot are vulnerable to hacking.
8. How to hack an election - Carla Bleiker, DW (Deutsche Welle), December 12, 2016 - "The attackers might spread malware into voting machines in some of these states, rigging the machines to shift a few percent of the vote to favor their desired candidate," Halderman writes. "This malware would likely be designed to remain inactive during pre-election tests, do its dirty business during the election, then erase itself when the polls close."
9. US elections still vulnerable to rigging, disruption - Michael Rubinkam And Frank Bajak, Associated Press, December 26, 2016 - The Travis County system would have a paper trail and use encryption systems to let voters confirm online that their vote counted and wasn't subject to tampering. For transparency, DeBeauvoir wants to use open source software that anyone can examine, not the proprietary code the industry uses. None of the major vendors has shown interest, she says. "I don't think it fits their profit model."

Hacking and Rigging of Elections - Videos

1. Testimony of Clinton Eugene Curtis Regarding Election Hacking, uploaded on March 2, 2006 - Computer Programmer testifies that Tom Feeney (Speaker of the House of Florida at the time, currently US Representative representing MY district) tried to pay him to rig election vote counts.
2. Stealing America: Vote by Vote, Narrated by Peter Coyote, in theaters August 1, 2008 - STEALING AMERICA documents Presidential races that election analysts report had significant irregularities such as suspicious vote totals, voter disenfranchisement and many other signs of manipulation.
3. WV Vote Flipping Caught on Tape - Video the Vote, October 27, 2008 - Video the Vote went to Jackson County, WV, in response to numerous reports of machine vote flipping. To see the entire interview, go here.
4. Did Anonymous Save the Election from Karl Rove? (Part 1), The Big Picture with Thom Hartmann, November 20, 2012 - Remember on election night - when Karl Rove questioned Fox News' call that Ohio had gone for President Obama? Well it turns out hacker group extraordinaire Anonymous may have had something to do with that...or did he (or she)?
5. Hacking Democracy - The Hack - YouTube, March 20, 2014 - This is the hack that proved America's elections can be stolen using a few lines of computer code. The 'Hursti Hack' in this video is an excerpt from the feature length Emmy nominated documentary 'Hacking Democracy'.
6. Greg Palast in Ohio on GOP Effort to Remove African Americans from Voter Rolls in Battleground State - Democracy Now, November 8, 2016 - On some polling machines, audit protection functions have been shut off, and African Americans and Hispanics are being scrubbed from the voter rolls through a system called Crosscheck.
   
7. Hacker demonstrates how voting machines can be compromised - CBS News, August 10, 2016 - "For $15 and in-depth knowledge of the card, you could hack the vote," Varner said. Symantec Security Response director Kevin Haley said elections can also be hacked by breaking into the machines after the votes are collected.
8. Zachary Quinto Explains How To Hack An Election - WIRED, September 14, 2016 - 'Snowden' star Zachary Quinto goes in-depth on the possibility of a hacked presidential election.
9. Fraction Magic Video - Bev Harris, Black Box Voting.org, November 12, 2016 - A real-time demo of the most devastating election theft mechanism yet found, with context and explanation. Demonstration uses a real voting system and real vote databases and takes place in seconds across multiple jurisdictions.

Voter Fraud

1. Do non-citizens vote in U.S. elections? - Jesse T. Richman, Gulshan A. Chattha, and David C. Earnest, Electoral Studies, September 21, 2014 - The proportion of noncitizens who voted was less than fifteen percent, but significantly greater than zero. Similarly in 2010 we found that more than three percent of non-citizens reported voting.
2. Author of Trump’s Favorite Voter Fraud Study Says Everyone’s Wrong - Issie Lapowsky, Wired, January 25, 2017 - Here’s what the math should look like (that is, if Richman’s initial study was accurate—which many researchers doubt). If 6.4 percent of the estimated 20.3 million noncitizens in the US voted, and if just 81.8 percent of them voted for Clinton (the percentage who voted for Obama in his 2008 study), that’s an added margin of a little more than 835,000 votes. In other words: Even with all of those supposedly fraudulent ballots, Clinton still would have won the popular vote by more than 2 million votes.
3. ‘Stop citing our work’: Virginia professor says Trump’s twisting his research on non-citizen voting - Travis Gettys, Raw Story, January 27, 2017 - “First of all, he’s confusing our study with another study, and then he’s flipping ours around and exaggerating the most extreme estimates from it,” Richman told The Virginian-Pilot.
4. Trump-cited study author (still) refuses to show proof of voter fraud - Josiah Ryan, CNN, January 27, 2017 - The author of a study that claims to show millions of illegal votes were cast in the presidential election refused to produce evidence support his allegation during a contentious and lengthy interview with CNN. In 12-minute exchange with CNN's Chris Cuomo Friday, VoteStand founder Gregg Phillips alleged he has the names of three million individuals who voted illegally, but that he needs more time to prepare a public report to ensure accuracy and because the work is being completed by volunteers.
5. Meet the Man Who May Have Convinced President Trump Voter Fraud Exists - Melissa Chan, Time, January 27, 2017 - Phillips is now behind a mobile app called VoteStand, which allows Americans to report and read about suspected incidents of voter fraud at nearby and national polls. He is also a board member of True the Vote, a nonpartisan group that grew out of a Tea Party effort in Texas, according to the New York Times.
6. Trump Abandons the Secret Code of 'Voter Fraud' - Vann R. Newkirk II, The Atlantic, January 27, 2017 - Trump has since attempted to back up his claims with misrepresented data from a Pew study, as well as some unreleased reports from voting app VoteStand and its founder Gregg Phillips, a company that does not have comprehensive access to voter data and a person who has not been established as a credible source or expert on voting in any way.
7. Trump's voter fraud expert owes US more than $100,000 in unpaid taxes - Jon Swaine, The Guardian, January 27, 2017 - The conservative activist cited by Donald Trump as an authority on voter fraud owes the US government more than $100,000 in unpaid taxes, was once accused of lying about his qualifications, and has faced several allegations of ethical impropriety.

Voter ID Laws and Voter Suppression

1. New database of US voter fraud finds no evidence that photo ID laws are needed - Natasha Khan and Corbin Carson, News21, August 11, 2012 - Analysis of the resulting comprehensive News21 election fraud database turned up 10 cases of voter impersonation. With 146 million registered voters in the United States during that time, those 10 cases represent one out of about every 15 million prospective voters.
2. Waukesha county clerk: Weekend voting gave 'too much access' to Milwaukee, Madison - Jessie Opoien, The Capital Times, May 24, 2016 - She also argued long lines could be evidence that access is not an issue in urban areas.
3. Stricter Voter ID And Other Voting Laws Rolled Back In Slew Of Court Decisions - NPR, August 5, 2016 - In 2013, the high court struck down a key section of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. No longer would areas of the country with a history of discrimination in voting be required to pre-clear all changes in voting laws and procedures.
4. Debunking the Voter Fraud Myth - Brennan Center For Justice, September 1, 2016 - Even the Supreme Court, in its opinion in Crawford upholding Indiana’s voter ID law, noted that the record in the case “contains no evidence of any [in-person voter impersonation] fraud actually occurring in Indiana at any time in its history.”
5. States that passed voting restrictions saw decreased turnout, flipped to Trump - New York Daily News, November 9, 2016 - Measures like Wisconsin’s are seen as disproportionately affecting minority voters like those in Milwaukee County, where turnout was more than 50,000 votes less than it was four years ago.
6. Election Results 2016: Did Voter ID & Voter Suppression Help Elect Trump? - Jessica McBride, Heavy, November 11, 2016 - Wisconsin’s elections chief told The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel he believed voter ID depressed turnout in high poverty wards, as the City of Milwaukee saw 41,000 fewer votes.
7. After a Fraught Election, Questions Over the Impact of a Balky Voting Process - New York Times, November 12, 2016 - This was the first presidential election in a half century that was held without the full protection of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Voting rights advocates spent the year in court battling, with incomplete success, to roll back restrictions on the franchise enacted by Republican legislatures in state after state.
8. If it seems like Trump could only win a presidency in 1950’s America it’s because he effectively did. - Being Liberal, November 13, 2016 - They killed the voting rights act with a lawsuit financed by the Kochs. As soon as the Supreme Court made their ruling, voter ID requirements became law in many states and massive voter purges such as Interstate Crosscheck started wiping out minorities from the voter rolls purging hundreds of thousands every year since 2013.
9. How voter ID laws helped Donald Trump win the presidency - Salon, November 14, 2016 - In Wisconsin, for example, Voter ID laws disproportionately targeted nonwhite voters and, according to the executive director of Milwaukee’s Election Commission, resulted in the city’s turnout dropping by roughly 41,000 voters. Trump won the state by fewer than 18,000 votes.
10. Did Republicans Rig the Election? - Ari Berman, The Nation, November 15, 2016 - Donald Trump carried the state [Wisconsin] by 27,000 votes, but 300,000 registered voters, according to a federal court, lacked the required forms of voter ID.
11. Investigative Reporter Greg Palast: GOP Stole 2016 Election Using Voter Suppression, Purging Ploys - Kasia Anderson, truthdig, November 16, 2016 - The 2013 decision removed crucial safeguards that had prevented balloting practices from being gamed in ways that would discriminate against minority voters.
12. Election Results 2016: Voter Suppression Concerns Congressional Dems - Christine Beswick, Inquisitr, November 19, 2016 - The two theories that keep coming up to explain the electoral college map vast discrepancies between the polls and the 2016 election results are voter suppression and election hacking. While polls are not accurate to the 100 percent degree, they are accurate within a margin of error. For many swing states, Hillary Clinton was well outside the margin of error, and she lost them anyway.
13. Wisconsin election recount spurs rumors of hacking - AM Joy, MSNBC, November 26, 2016 - Joy and her panel discuss how it’s not a Russian hack voters should be concerned about—it’s the reported allegation that untold numbers of votes are routinely left uncounted in elections due to many typical, state-level practices.
14. What surely tainted our election? Voter suppression - Jesse Jackson, Los Angeles Sentinel, December 15, 2016 - There is little doubt that these measures worked, and cost Clinton the election. In Wisconsin, for example, Trump’s margin of victory was 27,000. A record 300,000 registered voters lacked the newly required ID, contributing to the lowest turnout in 20 years. Turnout was down by more than 50,000 in Milwaukee where 70 percent of the state’s African-American population lives.
15. Florida: An Outlier in Denying Voting Rights - Erika Wood, Brennan Center for Justice, December 16, 2016 - Florida is one of only three states with a lifetime voting ban for people with felony convictions. The strict law disenfranchises 1.6 million citizens, including 21 percent of the state’s voting-age African Americans. This report traces the history of the provision back to America’s Jim Crow past and explains how its impact is felt in Florida’s democracy today.
16. All This Talk of Voter Fraud? Across U.S., Officials Found Next to None - Michael Wines, New York Times, December 18, 2016 - In an election in which more than 137.7 million Americans cast ballots, election and law enforcement officials in 26 states and the District of Columbia — Democratic-leaning, Republican-leaning and in-between — said that so far they knew of no credible allegations of fraudulent voting. Officials in another eight states said they knew of only one allegation.

Interstate Crosscheck Program

1. Stop The Presses! Gessler Uncovers Possible (Infinitesimal) Vote Fraud - Colorado Pols, January 24, 2012 - We congratulate the Secretary on finding these possible six cases of double voting across state lines, but we’d say he’s proving more that existing election law works as intended than anything else–not exactly the desired message for our activist Secretary of State’s legislative agenda. Not to mention that good explanations may well exist for anywhere between one and six of them.
2. Interstate Voter Registration Crosscheck Program - National Association of State Election Directors, January 26, 2013 - Four individuals indicted for voting in Colorado and Arizona in first year of participation. Six additional cases of double voting referred to FBI in 2012.
3. Interstate Crosscheck Voter Registration Program - ALCU of Pennsylvania, March 25, 2014 - The Department of State has refused to share with the ACLU information about how Pennsylvania intends to purge voters identified as potential duplicates by the Interstate Crosscheck Voter Registration Program.
4. CBS4 Investigation Finds People Voting Twice - CBS4, October 25, 2016 - In six of the new cases, voting records show the same people voting twice in Colorado elections. In another six cases, people are suspected of voting in Colorado and another state during the same election cycle.
5. The GOP's Stealth War Against Voters - Greg Palast, Rolling Stone, August 24, 2016 - What's far more likely to undermine democracy in November is the culmination of a decade-long Republican effort to disenfranchise voters under the guise of battling voter fraud.
6. Do Voter Purges Discriminate Against the Poor and Minorities? - NBC News, August 24, 2016 - Latinos and Asians are more likely to be falsely matched with noncitizens because those cultures have fewer surnames, demographers and election experts widely agree... State elections officials in Washington and Colorado, which both use Crosscheck and ERIC, told News21 that ERIC was more reliable.
7. Controversial anti-voter fraud program risks disenfranchising voters through racial bias, report finds - Facing South, September 2, 2016 - Back in 2005, Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach — who as chair of his state's Republican Party championed an illegal voter suppression technique called "caging" — launched a program called Interstate Crosscheck to compare voter registration data across states and ferret out evidence of double voting.
8. Stein/Baraka condemn Interstate Crosscheck and other voter suppression schemes - Green Party, October 3, 2016 - In Virginia, for example, 41,000 voters have already been purged from the state's voter rolls, which represented 12.45% of the Crosscheck voter list in that state.
9. Trump’s immigration whisperer - Politico, October 19, 2016 - He [Kobach] rejects studies, like a widely cited report from the liberal Brennan Center that puts the national rate of voter fraud at a .0004 percent rate (meaning it’s less common than lightning strikes on humans), as “biased.” ... “Any time you look at voter fraud as a percentage of the total electorate it's always going to look tiny,” he admitted.
10. Breaking Report: Trump Campaign Allegedly Violated Constitutional Law to Alter Election Results. Penalties Include Prison Time if Charged. - Dr. GS Potter, Huffington Post, December 4, 2016 (archived) - Evidence supports the argument that the 2016 election was manipulated. More than 20 GOP Secretaries of State collaborated with key members of the Trump Campaign may have collaborated to deprive millions of minorities of the right to vote. Penalties may include 10 years in prison if charged.

Greg Palast Investigation of Interstate Crosscheck

1. Greg Palast Investigates - Facebook
2. The Trump Who Cried Wolf - Greg Palast and Dennis Bernstein, August 5, 2016 - interview
3. The GOP's Stealth War Against Voters - Greg Palast, Rolling Stone, August 24, 2016 - What's far more likely to undermine democracy in November is the culmination of a decade-long Republican effort to disenfranchise voters under the guise of battling voter fraud.
4. The Election Crime Wave Involving 7 Million Americans & The GOP Scam Behind The Hype - Greg Palast and Dennis Bernstein, August 26, 2016 - interview
5. The Best Democracy Money Can Buy, The Movie - Greg Palast, 2016 - Rolling Stone investigative reporter Greg Palast busted Jeb Bush for stealing the 2000 election by purging Black voters from Florida’s electoral rolls. Now Palast is back to take a deep dive into the Republicans’ dark operation, Crosscheck, designed to steal a million votes by November.
6. The Best Democracy Money Can Buy, Official Trailer 2016 - Greg Palast, September 23, 2016 - Now playing in select theatres and available on DVD and VOD
7. The Best Democracy Money Can Buy, Detailed Explainer - Greg Palast, 2016 - Now playing in select theatres and available on DVD and VOD
8. The Best Democracy Money Can Buy, Interview with Sean Stone, October 25, 2016 - Starting in 2013 – Greg Palast sits down with Sean Stone to discuss his new film, “The Best Money Democracy Can Buy.”
9. The Election was Stolen – Here’s How… - Greg Palast, November 11, 2016 - Starting in 2013 – just as the Supreme Court gutted the Voting Rights Act – a coterie of Trump operatives, under the direction of Kris Kobach, Kansas Secretary of State, created a system to purge 1.1 million Americans of color from the voter rolls of GOP–controlled states.
10. Investigative Reporter Greg Palast: GOP Stole 2016 Election Using Voter Suppression, Purging Ploys - Kasia Anderson, truthdig, November 16, 2016 - The 2013 decision removed crucial safeguards that had prevented balloting practices from being gamed in ways that would discriminate against minority voters.
11. Greg Palast - Lynching By Laptop? - Big Picture Interview by Thom Hartmann, December 12, 2016 - Have we forgotten Republican efforts at election rigging that are being actively ignored by the corporate media, even as Democratic members of Congress are loudly calling for an investigation into Kris Kobach and his alleged voter suppression efforts?
12. Greg Palast on Why Clinton Didn't Push for Michigan Recount - Paul Jay, the Real News Network, December 20, 2016 - Part 1 of 2 / Part 2 of 2 - She wouldn't do it because that would be to attack something even more important than winning the presidency -- and that's the entire system that created the Clintons and created Trump and created this fake monstrosity we call a US electoral system.

Websites covering election issues

1. Black Box Voting.org - Black Box Voting, founded in 2003, is a nonpartisan investigative reporting and public education organization for elections.
2. The Brad Blog - "The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything." - Joseph Stalin
3. CODE RED: Computerized Election Theft and the New American Century - CODE RED lays out the case that election fraud has been occurring via the targeting and manipulation of computerized voting equipment across America.
4. Election Defense Alliance (Position Papers) (Resource List)
5. Greg Palast Investigates - Facebook
6. TDMS Research - The impetus for this website originated by the request of colleagues in the Election Integrity movement to make my work on the 2016 Presidential primaries easily accessible.
7. Verified Voting - Verified Voting provides resources that allow you to find what voting equipment is used in each State, how the equipment works and laws and regulations in place across the country to promote transparent and verifiable elections.